How was the Gupta Empire (India) scientifically advanced Essay

When thinking back to the Gupta Empire in India, one might remember the famous works of literature, or perhaps the vast lands conquered by the great rulers of the time. But it would be imprudent to ignore the influential achievements made in the areas of science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy that made the empire scientifically advanced. Many people fail to realize that countless things mistaken for solely modern-day science, for example, plastic surgery, existed centuries ago. Here, the technologies of the Gupta Empire (320-467), such as the development of a more accurate value for pi, the perfection of the modern numeral and decimal system; surgery, inoculation, the formulation of medical guides and a better calendar; and lunar astronomy, will be discussed in detail. First we will deal with the area of mathematics. One of the most recognized achievements of the Gupta period was the highly accurate calculation of pi, made by the renowned mathematician Aryabhata. Before this time, pi, the value that explained the relationships between the area, circumference, diameter, radius, and volume of circles and spheres, was frequently represented by Indian mathematicians as three, or the square root of ten. (Although both of these values are far from accurate, the fact that the civilization had a knowledge of geometry and mathematical relationships is proof of scientific advancement, especially when one compares it to Europe, which in the eleventh century still had no knowledge of mathematics.) Aryabhata calculated pi to the fourth decimal place at a value of 3.1416. Aryabhata also studied and improved other concepts of mathematics; for example, he determined the rule for the area of isosceles triangles and researched algebraic identities and intermediate equations. His work can be observed in the Gitikapanda, a book which includes a trigonometrical sine table, rules for extracting square and cube roots, the concepts of spheres, pyramids and other plane figures, concepts of interest, the rule of three, and fractions, as well as the principles mentioned previously that pertain to him. All of these ideas can be found in modern-day science, which shows their great influence. Another prominent Indian mathematician of the Gupta period was Brahmagupta, who systemized the rules of astronomy, arithmetic, algebra, and geometry and  published his works in the Brahmasphuta-Siddhanta and ‘Khandakhadyaka.’ Other mathematical knowledge that had its foundations with Indian mathematicians were the so-called â€Å"Arabic† numerals and the decimal system, as well as the concept of zero and symbol for infinity, all of which previously did not exist. The number system that Gupta mathematicians devised was based on ten, and was the first of its kind. After a period of time, it was passed on to the Muslims of Baghdad, and then to the Europeans, which is why it is referred to as Arabic, though it really had its origins in India. Indian medicine was also remarkably advanced. Indian doctors of the Gupta period knew how to perform surgery, including plastic surgery to repair injured ears and noses–something thought of exclusively as new-age medicine and only recently perfected in the United States–and were experienced in setting broken bones. Furthermore, their surgical methods were quite sophisticated, as they knew to sterilize their tools before and after usage in order to prevent the spread of diseases and to keep a level of hygiene. More proof of their advancement in medicine comes from their philosophy of it; like ancient Greek doctors, as well as the doctors of today, the doctors of the Gupta Empire used an ethical code similar to the Hippocratic oath, in which they pledged to be honest and moral in their practice of medicine. Indian doctors were the first to give inoculations to prevent diseases, and were well ahead of their European peers, who did not give vaccines for another 1,000 years. Their cowpox vaccine was helpful in preventing epidemics of the fatal smallpox disease, and they even had free hospitals in which to administer it. Ironically, this is perhaps more progressive than today’s society, where free hospitals are considered an unreachable ideal. As well as advanced surgery and inoculations, the Indians of the Gupta Empire possessed medical guides much like those of today, such as the Bower Manuscript and the Hatyayurveda. These manuals contained information on things such as medicinal plants, prescriptions, diseases and children’s medicines. In total, â€Å"†¦these works classified more than 1,000 diseases and  described [the properties of] more than 500 medicinal plants,† such as garlic, a lotion that promoted eyesight, oils from trees, etc. There was even information on animal disease treatment! For these reasons, the Indians from the Gupta period were extremely advanced in their knowledge of medicine and treatment of ailments. Another area of science that flourished during the Gupta Empire was astronomy. The partial cause of acquired knowledge pertaining to it was the increase in trade, because while at sea, sailors used the stars to find their positions. Knowledge of astronomy also increased because of the work of Aryabhata, the mathematician previously mentioned. He was the first to tell that the earth was a sphere that rotated on its axis and revolved around the sun, and that lunar eclipses were caused by the shadow of the earth falling on the moon. He even founded his own mathematical-astronomical school and wrote a book on astronomy, called the Aryabhatiya. Thus, scientists of the Gupta period were knowledgeable even of such complex areas of science as astronomy. With an increased knowledge of astronomy, scientists were able to keep better time, basing their calendars on the cycles of the sun, appropriating a seven-day week, and breaking each day into hours, as is the way with Western timekeeping. Aryabhata had calculated the length of the solar year to 365.3586805 days, which is very close to modern measurements made by an atomic clock–thus the calendars of the time were accurate. Another well-known astronomer from the Gupta age was Varahamahira, who in the sixth century wrote the Panchasiddhantika, which summarized other astronomical works, and the Brihat samhita, an encyclopedia of astronomy and other sciences. Paired with the work of Aryabhata, Gupta knowledge of astronomy was ample. The people of the Gupta Empire were technologically very well developed. They had a great knowledge of medicine, astronomy, and mathematics, had an accurate value for pi, knew how to perform plastic surgery and administer inoculations, understood the stars, and were far ahead of other areas, such as Europe. Their advancements were a representation of an excelled and  sparkling civilization that will be remembered for centuries to come by scientists and philosophers alike. Bibliography Beck, Roger B. (et al). World History: Patterns of Interaction. McDougal Littel. Boston. 1999. This textbook provided quality information that was relevant to the topic and accurate when compared to other sources. Binongo, Jose Nilo. â€Å"Randomness, Statistics, and Pi.† Proquest. online. Internet. 1 June 2002. The source was not relevant to the topic, as it pertained to modern estimations of pi, but was interesting and of good quality. The website through which I obtained it was helpful and easy to use. Cajori, Florian, Ph. D. A History of Mathematics. Macmillan. New York. 1924. The book gave good information on general advancements that were made in India, but did not state periods, which made the information difficult to navigate. However, the information was accurate and easy to read. Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad. History of Science and Technology in Ancient India. Firma Klm Private Limited. Calcutta. 1991. The majority of the book focused on very early advancements that took place long before the Gupta period, but there was some valuable information at the end on the topic. â€Å"Gupta.† Encyclopedia.com. online. Internet. 7 May 2002. The information, though accurate and relevant, was not specific enough to really help. Jaggi, O.P. Dawn of Indian Science: Volume Two. Atma Ram & Sons. Delhi. 1969. The information was irrelevant to the time period as well as inconsistent with the other sources. Jain, Nem Kumar, M. Sc. Science and Scientists in India. Indian Book Gallery. Delhi. 1982. The book was helpful in identifying names of people and their achievements, but had very little information on the topic otherwise. Krieger, Larry S. (et al). World History: Perspectives on the Past. McDougal Littel. Boston. 1997. The textbook gave a general overview of the information but did not go into specifics. However it was accurate, relevant, and helped spark interest in the topic. Langer, William L. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of World History. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 1968. The information was relevant and accurate, but not specific. It did, however, provide some interesting new details that were not known previously. Mookerji, R. K. The Gupta Empire. Shri Jainendra Press. Delhi. 1969. The information was relevant and accurate when compared to other sources. It was well-organized and provided useful information of the topic. Papanek, John L. (ed. et al). Ancient India: Land of Mystery. Time-Life Books. Virginia. 1994. The information was accurate and somewhat relevant to the topic. It was a little difficult to follow, but did provide some good information. Ronan, Colin A. Science: Its History and Development Among the World’s Cultures. Facts on File Publications. New York. 1982. The information was interesting and relevant, but badly organized, as it did not provide specific dates. Also, it did not go into great enough detail. Saran, Santosh and Ravindra N. Singh. History of Science and Technology During Gupta Period. Prachi Prakashan. New Delhi. 1994. The source contained some relevant information in the beginning that was accurate and of good quality. It gave specific information on areas usually ignored, such as animal medicine. Smith, Vincent A. The Early History of India. Oxford University Press. England. 1924. The book was not very relevant to the topic, but helped clarify previous information with dates.

The Broadway Café

The products offered by Broadway Cafe: coffees, teas, bread, sandwiches, soups and salads are all homemade. This means that customers will get a feel of being comfy and at home with the products offered by the Cafe. Moreover, the Cafe also does not have that feel of being too commercialized, compared with major coffee shop brands that have sprung in recent years. With the specialized products of Broadway Cafe, its patrons feel special that they are part of a unique Cafe experience. Broadway Cafe is part of the history of the city.The Cafe started operating in 1952. It is amazing that it continues to operate to this day. Although, in some aspects, it has not caught up with technological and operational innovations, it is already a part of the city’s history and part of the local flavor that make the city unique. Because of this, city residents who have developed a fondness for the Cafe will not want to see it close down. Grandfather knew every customer of the cafe. This is part of the unique experience of going to the Cafe.In Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast, he described his experiences of going to various cafes in Paris. With grandfather knowing every customer of the cafe, they developed friendships and the customers became even more loyal to the Broadway Cafe. Small operations. The Broadway Cafe has small operations. As such, it can easily implement changes without disrupting any major operations. The operational expense of the Cafe is not very large. Therefore, the profits of the Cafe could be easily reinvested into the business. 2. Weaknesses of the Cafe. Only grandfather knows the recipes.This is a weakness because when grandfather dies, then no one else will be able to retrieve the recipes and write them down. There should be at least one other person who knows the recipes and write them down so it would be easy to pass them on. Customer information and data are not stored anywhere else. Knowing every customer of the Cafe is great! Howeve r, only grandfather knows them all. It would also be better for these information to be written down so that I will get to know the existing customers and develop friendship with them, too. Orders are taken manually.Taking orders manually is time-consuming. Some customers may be in a hurry and this process will certainly slow them down. Investing in a good P. O. S. system will help the Cafe take and serve orders more quickly. Inventory tracking is outdated and prone to mistakes. Without an effective inventory tracking system, mistakes will be committed and costs may even go up more than necessary. 3. Threats to the Cafe. Entry of new Cafe in the city. The growth of Starbucks in the past decade has been remarkable. It has penetrated virtually every major city in the world.The entry of Starbucks and other commercial cafe in our city will be a threat to the Broadway Cafe. As such, the Cafe will have to capitalize on its strengths and upgrade its operations so it can compete with the co mmercial cafes. The economic downturn. With the present economic downturn being faced by the United States, the spending power of customers is diminished. As such, they may choose to forego going to the Cafe because of economic reasons. 4. Recommendations for upgrading and bringing the Cafe into the 21st century. Capitalize on the strengths of Broadway Cafe.Essentially, the way that grandfather treated every customer will be recreated. I, as the manager, and the employees of the Cafe will be trained to know every customer and establish friendship with them. Document (on video and on paper) the recipes of the Cafe. This is a sure way of preserving the knowledge of grandfather through the generations to come. If his recipes are committed to paper, the Cafe will be able to include two or more chefs who can help in preparing the orders of customers. Purchase a computerized Point-of-Sale system plus inventory tracking software.By automating the processes of taking order and of tracking i nventory, the Cafe will become more efficient and customers do not have to wait in long lines to be served. The twenty first century has become very busy for working professionals. They would appreciate if orders were taken and served more quickly than before. Craft and implement a marketing plan for the Cafe. Word-of-mouth will remain as the major marketing strategy of the company. However, with the advent of the 21st century, a marketing plan needs to be crafted and implemented, including the creation of a website and the sponsorship of events in the Cafe premises.

Allegory in Lord of the Flies Essay

In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, which is set during World War II, English school boys, escaping war in England, crash on a deserted tropical island. From the protected environment of boarding school, the boys are suddenly thrust into a situation where they must fend for themselves. In order to survive, the boys copy their country’s rule for a civilized life by electing a leader, Ralph. He promises order, discipline, and rules for the boys so that they form a small civilized society. This civilized society does not last. Struggling with Jack who wants to be the leader and the boys’ fears of the unknown, Ralph is unable to maintain control, and the boys fulfill Golding’s perspective that human nature is inherently negative as the boys become savages that brutally and viciously kill. Golding creates an allegory by using symbols to show his pessimistic view of human nature through the boys’ desire for civilization, their struggle against evil, and their descent into savagery. Golding develops the allegory using symbols of the boys’ desire for civilization. Leadership and reasoning are represented by the symbols of Ralph and the conch and Piggy and his glasses. Finding a conch on the beach, Ralph uses it to keep law and order or peace among the boys. â€Å"Ralph grasped the idea and hit the shell with air from his diaphragm. Immediately the thing sounded† (15). Blowing into the conch, Ralph assembles the boys for meetings. He uses the conch to promote fair play by passing it around so that each boy has the opportunity to speak freely and express himself. â€Å"I’ll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he’s speaking† (39). Ralph represents the order that is necessary in a civilized society, and the conch is the means by which he establishes this order. In addition to establishing order, Ralph organizes the boys into separate groups like hunters, gatherers, and shelter makers to aid the survival of the group giving more evidence of his leadership abilities. Ralph delegates one responsibility to Jack making him in charge of the hunters. Although the boys would prefer to have fun and play games, they follow Ralph’s rules at first. This order is maintained until Ralph loses his leadership role to Jack. After providing, or bribing, the boys with juicy pig meat, Jack asks â€Å"’Who’ll join my tribe and have fun? ’† (211). This lure of enjoyment along with the promise of more food sways the boys to follow Jack. With the demise of Ralph’s leadership and under the leadership of Jack, the boys begin to turn towards savagery. From this point on, the change in the leadership brings with it the transformation of the boys from ordered society to savages. Through the downfall of Ralph’s leadership and the resulting descent into savagery, Golding is able to reveal how the dark side of human nature can prevail. Golding’s character Piggy portrays the voice of reasoning and logic and his glasses symbolize his wisdom. Ralph recognizes Piggy’s ability to think with clarity and soon depends upon him in his role as leader. Piggy’s idea to use the conch to assemble all the survivors leads to Ralph’s election as leader. Ralph uses Piggy’s ideas for building shelter and Piggy’s glasses to ignite the signal fire. â€Å"Ralph moved the lenses back and forth, this way and that, till a glossy white image of the declining sun lay on a piece of the rotten wood† (30). Golding shows his pessimistic view of human nature as Piggy, whose ideas and logical thoughts have been so important to the boys’ survival, becomes irrational. Once the voice of reason, Piggy refuses to accept his role in the death of Simon. The destruction and loss of his glasses destroys Piggy’s ability to see clearly and decreases his ability to influence the actions of the group. Upon an attack, Piggy, who once refused to believe in the beast, thinks Jack is the beast and cries out â€Å"’It’s come! ’ gasped Piggy. ‘It’s real! † (233). Piggy continues to believe the group of boys will respond to logic when he asks them if it is better to be like savages and kill or to have order and be rescued. The boys remain silent when Roger pushes a big rock on Piggy to kill him. â€Å"Piggy, saying nothing, with no time for even a grunt, traveled through the air sideways from the rock, turning over as he went† (255-256). With the death of Piggy, who was the icon of reasoning, Golding shows that the dark side of human nature triumphs over reasoning and rational thinking. Golding extends the allegory by exploring the boys’ struggle against evil with the beast symbolizing the boys’ fears of evil and Jack as the symbol of the lure of evil. At one of their first meetings, the boys discuss their predicament with optimism that they will soon be rescued, and until that time, they will enjoy the freedom of the island. One of the smallest boys is urged by his peers to come forward to speak and asks reluctantly what will be done about the beast. The others laugh at him until he describes the beast as a big, snakelike creature that comes in the dark wanting to eat him. Ralph tries to dismiss the boy’s ideas as merely a nightmare, but the crowd did not completely believe him. â€Å"The eyes that looked so intently at him were without humor† (44). This moment plants the seeds of fear in the boys’ hearts that will later unleash their inner savage. Ralph returns to the topic of the beast at another meeting in hopes of calming the worries that began with the littluns and spread throughout the group. At this meeting Jack takes the conch and attempts to convince the boys again that the beast is just in their imagination. â€Å"’The thing is – fear can’t hurt you any more than a dream’† (110). Even Piggy speaks up to say that there is nothing such as the beast to be afraid of in the forest until he has the realization: â€Å"’Unless we get frightened of people. ’† (113). Golding’s development of the boys’ fears using the beast shows the struggle of humans with their inner selves and the evil that lies within. Golding creates the character Jack as a catalyst for the allegory by his luring of the boys into the evilness of savagery. When Jack first attempts to kill a pig, he hesitates because he still belongs to the civilization he left when the plane crashed. The pause was only long enough for them to understand what an enormity the downward stroke would be† (35). At this point, Jack changes. He loses the sense of self that resists the lure of evil and begins his descent to his dark side. â€Å"He snatched his knife out of the sheath and slammed it into a tree trunk. Next time there would be no mercy† (35-36). Jack becomes obsessed with hunting and works to perfect his weapons and his stealth. Jack dons a mask that frees him from his self-consciousness and shame creating a new person ready to kill. Jack takes some boys with him and kills a pig. When they returned, all are chanting â€Å"’Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood. ’† (90). Jack transforms the young boys from innocent children to violent killers. Golding uses Jack to lure the others to evil and awaken their inner savage instincts. Golding’s allegory is further developed by his description of the boys’ descent into savagery symbolized by the deaths of the pig and Piggy. Golding shows Roger’s descent into savagery when Roger, excited and blood thirsty, begins a brutal attack on the pig. He plunged his spear into the pig and â€Å"began to push down with all his weight. The spear moved forward inch by inch and the terrified squealing became a high pitched scream† (189). Roger’s sense of elation derived from killing the pig makes him want more blood. Roger delves deeper into savagery as he takes the life of a fellow human being. No longer killing just for survival, Roger finds satisfaction in the death of Piggy. â€Å"Roger, with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever† (255). Crushing Piggy with the rock, Roger silences Piggy forever. With Piggy’s death, Roger has committed murder, the ultimate crime. Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel in which Golding uses the symbols of the conch, Piggy’s glasses, the beast, Jack, and Roger to reveal his views that human nature is innately evil. Through the boys’ desire for civilization, their struggle against evil, and their descent into savagery, Golding portrays humankind as civilized only on the surface with evil lurking just beneath. As Piggy said â€Å"’What are we? Humans? Or animals? Or savages? ’† (122).

Business Submission Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Submission - Assignment Example In compliance with Principle 1, our organization has several initiatives in place such as a response process to deal with any employee who may have any grievances pertaining to the violation of their human rights. In addition, we view employees as important assets and hence free communication is fully supported by the management giving the employees an opportunity to air any views that they may have. Principle 8 PracticesEver since our invention, we have been operating under the notion of prevailing in concert with the environment rather than be at odds with it. As compared to other data centers globally, our data centers save up to 50% on energy which is a rather big achievement given how very few companies consider this.We encourage employees to take part in environmental responsiveness via implementing practices that target waste reduction, recycling, and reusing. For instance, we host farmers’ markets and sustainable cooking seminars as a way of setting an example to the e mployees on â€Å"going green†. Currently, our facilities are powered by renewable energy. We have taken the initiative to invest in renewable energy projects that help us take part in minimizing the impact of carbon dioxide on the rest of the world.Given that we are highly involved in practices that comply with principles 1 and 8 of the Un Global Compact principles, we believe that are capable of endorsing recommendations that will guide other businesses in compliance with these Global Compact Principles.

Psychosocial and Ethical Issues Personal Statement

Psychosocial and Ethical Issues - Personal Statement Example In this assignment, the psychosocial and ethical issues involved in the disease and in the possible management of such patients will be analysed through a reflective account. Case: This is a little girl of age 9, suffering from a leukaemia. She is attending this hospital for followup chemotherapy. Her mother accompanies her every time, and she seems to be very supportive to her daughter throughout these treatment cycles. Ethical Issues: Every patients and care involve some ethical issues. Pediatric patients such as this go through grueling rituals of management in the clinical setting. Quite often, these involve multidisciplinary workup and management. In the clinical situation, these are data of various categories and their interpretations. Changes in the clinical conditions and other parameters are discussed in order to design a therapy that suits best to the clinical conditions of these children. These situations are often grappled with ethical issues which tend to neglect the patient and the physician perspectives, even though they may be ethically sound. This is a chronic condition, and the mechanism of coping with such a severe disease for a little child like her is always a problem, and it is more so for the family or the mother. The patient has her own rights, but the fact that the patient is a dependent member of the family, and therefore, many of her decisions will be made by the physician s and the family, adjusting to her growing competence and maturity. It is very evident that the medical professional will have to act with fewer presumed limits on their commitment of care. The principles of beneficence may counteract with the principle of autonomy in case of this pediatric patient. Obviously, this would vary from those in case of adult patients. It is to be noted that cancer is no longer that deadly. With tremendous improvement in medications and technologies, the outcome is no that poor. All these have led to changes in the ways the physicians communicate with their patients. Truth telling perhaps is the most important ethical responsibility of a healthcare professional. Although truth is dynamic in nature, truth about a patient's condition is a combination of both subjective and objective factors. It also involves psychosocial aspects as to how it is interpreted by the patient and the physician. This matter is further complicated by the fact that the patient is a child. However, ethically, the healthcare professionals are bound to lead to honest transmission of what is accepted medical knowledge at a given time. This must accept the fact that the patient is not passive, rather an active participant in the decision making process, embodying autonomy. Since the child is just 9 years old with cancer, there is a high chance th at there would be considerable extent of paternalism. However, due to superior medical knowledge, the doctor may lead to medical benefit out of this, but that may not ensure patient benefit. However, the patient's mother who has been supportive to her may also do the same thing, and despite that, the doctor will have to depend on her. It is to be remembered that the patient, despite being a child, has her own value systems, cultural beliefs, and religious beliefs. In the changed scenario of the present time, a shared decision making is the rule of the hour. Moreover, the patient would want to assert autonomous control

Compare and contrast the British and American political systems Essay

Compare and contrast the British and American political systems - Essay Example The best ways are by comparing different political systems of societies from different geographical locations. Since the traditional and cultural values of each society are different, the thinking and the way of life would be very different if compared to one another. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) Therefore, a political system to one society is likely to be different if compared to another. At the same time, western society might be unfamiliar to the ways of the eastern society and vice-versa. Sometimes as time passes, there develops new theories of new political systems by great thinkers. So we see one political system being changed to another. (Harman, 2003, 99-105) This proves that it's impossible to take just one time frame as different political systems developed at different time lines. In each society they have adopted to a mutual understanding of what's right and what's wrong. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) For example: Howard Becker suggests "social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders." (Harman, 2003, 99-102) Therefore at times, we see revolutions that bring about a whole new political system, even though sometimes althea promises that was to come with the new system vanishes somewhere. Politics cannot be pinned down to a single aspect of life, it occurs throughout society, it involves every aspect of our lives, but it is especially concentrated in the modern nation state. It is the nation state that "establishes sovereign jurisdiction within defined boundaries...the state commands ultimate power in that it stands above all other associations and groups in society; it's laws demand the compliance of all those who live within its boundaries." (McWhi rter, 1994, 36-42) In politics there is a phrase that says, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely'. What it means is that everyone who comes by political power becomes corrupted morally from the opportunities that this power brings with it. This really applies to most people since they shape their morality in line with social pressure. In other words, at first they are scared of society's disapproval and punishment and therefore avoid immorality, however, when power makes them strong, it decreases social pressure and as a result they become corrupted. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) Religion is undoubtfully a big influence in society but it has declined in countries like the US and UK in the past century. Capitalism is thought to be behind the reason for the decline in organised religion in the US and UK. Each of the three political systems noted above is a type of democracy. The exact nature of that democracy can vary considerably however. In 1996 an estimated 117 countries were on record as being democracies (Sussman 1996, 118-125). Even in countries as similar as the United States and Great Britain this is often the case. The way the United States views representative democracy varies in some ways from the way this concept is viewed in the United Kingdom. This variance is obvious in numerous aspects of government, especially in terms of overall governmental structure. Democracy is indeed a grand and glorious concept,

Are we obligated to provide Government aid in order to help people in Essay

Are we obligated to provide Government aid in order to help people in other countries - Essay Example The aid provided by OECD is known as official developmental aid (ODA). This aid is provided to different countries on the basis of certain terms and conditions. (OECD) Though, this aid provides great assistance to underdeveloped countries but it also has certain ethical drawbacks. Foreign assistance may result in exploitation by benefactor countries. The countries giving foreign aid may also interfere in the cultural and domestic affairs of the Recipient country. Moreover, this assistance may reach the wrong hands which may affect the correct and appropriate use of this aid. All these drawbacks are generally accepted by the public and government of donor and Recipient countries but these are the arguments which are held against the foreign aids by different scholarly and philosophical point of views. The world is composed of different nations that are trying to maintain their economic and social stability. If we divide the world into poor and rich nations, we will realize that two third of the nations of the world are extremely poor and the remaining one third are extremely rich. It is obvious that the poor nations desperately need the assistance and help of the rich nations for their development but this help can be hazardous if each of the rich nations follows its own unrealistic philosophy of equity and justice. In order to make this aid and assistance fruitful we need a governing force that can ensure the appropriate and justifiable use of the foreign aid. But if we look into the practical world we will realize that there is a lack of proper governing body as U.N is not strong enough to implement any policy against the will of its strong and influential members. We should also keep in mind that rich countries do not provide aid for free they gain something from it as well, such as the right to manipulate the decisions of the recipient countries according to their will and to have the right to have a say in their domestic matters. They also provide aid to some under developed countries so that they can forcefully get the military assistance of these countr ies for their selfish interests. An example of this can be seen in Pakistan, while United States of America donates huge amounts of money to Pakistan it asks for the military assistance of Pakistan in return. Pakistan provides military assistance to America in Afghanistan as well as Pakistan. (The Times of India) Though this norm is acceptable to the people and the government of these countries most of the NGOs and scholars are against it as it is not ethical to exploit the human resources of the recipient country because you are providing aid to them. But this assistance has some advantages as well because by providing military assistance Pakistan along with the United States of America can play a part in getting rid of terrorism. Another major drawback is the interference in the cultural and domestic matters of the recipient country. The financial aid provided by the donor country does not give it the right to interfere in the interstate matters of the recipient country. A recent example of this issue is the protest against Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, when this protest grew wilder; the United States

Generation Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Generation Gap - Essay Example One can easily identify that the theme of socio-cultural alienation faced by elderly citizens is still a burning issue in the mainstream society. Thesis statement: In the short story A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, the narrator’s point of view, symbolism and irony reveal/ support/ emphasize the theme of alienation in the mainstream society. In this essay, the literary elements like the narrator’s point of view, symbolism and irony are made use to prove that the same reveal/ support/ emphasize the short story’s theme. The narrator’s point of view In the short story, the narrator’s point of view is linked with the new generation’s attitude towards Emily Grierson. From a different angle of view, the writer makes use of the narrator as a medium to expose the attitude of the new generation towards elderly citizens, especially the womenfolk. One can see that the narrator does not hesitate to attend Emily’s funeral and this proves the n arrator’s empathetic attitude towards the marginalized individuals in the society. At the same time, the narrator does not try to reveal his sympathetic attitude towards Emily Grierson. Instead, the narrator leads the readers towards the circumstances which forced Emily to lead a secluded life. The writer makes use of a fictional county to unmask the tragic story. Within this context, narrator’s point of view is important because the same can be extended to a wider context. For instance, the problem of socio-cultural exclusion faced by Emily is applicable to the wider context of elderly citizens in the society. As pointed out, the narrator’s role in the story is not to produce sympathy towards Emily. Instead, the narrator’s point of view is symbolic of the wide gap between the old and the new generation. In the short story, the narrator symbolizes the new generation in the society, and the writer makes use of the narrator to expose the difference in attit ude towards change. In short, the narrator’s point of view mirrors the writer’s point of view, i.e. empathy towards the marginalized individuals in the society. Symbolism The problems faced by Emily Grierson and her father Mr. Grierson, are symbolic of problems faced by the elderly citizens who are not ready to change. Shmoop stated that, â€Å"This Faulkner classic shows us the process by which human beings become isolated by their families, by their community, by tradition, by law, by the past, and by their own actions and choices† (7). For instance, Mr. Grierson considered that the youngsters in the society are not suitable for his daughter. This negative attitude eventually led his daughter to face alienation and socio-cultural exclusion in the society. Besides, Emily was deeply influenced by her father’s character and she refused to marry. Later, those who lived in Jefferson began to consider that Emily will find out a suitable youngster. But she did not try to do so because she was so proud about her ancestral lineage. In the end, Emily was forced to face social and cultural exclusion because she was not ready to change. Besides, Emily’s housekeeper/servant was her one and only link with the society. One can see that Emily’s pathetic life and her tragic end are symbolic of the aftereffect of her negative attitude towards change. From a different angle of view, Emily’s father did not allow her to marry and this accelerated her socio-cultural exclusion. On the other side, Emily did not try to be within the mainstream society and was forced to face the consequences. She did not try to develop cordial relationship with her neighbors. Instead, she depended upon her servant and this attitude forced her to shrink herself into her private circle. When she became older, no one other than her servant was there to help her.

Earned Value Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earned Value Management - Essay Example One of them is Earned Value Management (EVM). First, we shall attempt to understand the basics of EVM. EVM is one of the pivotal links in the chain of costs control (Stratton, 24). EVM is vitally important and useful because it is linked with other component of costs control such as – Earned Value Management is associated with every other tools and techniques. It helps in forecasting and preparing to-complete performance index. We get earned value data through performance reviews. We use earned value management to calculate variance analysis. Project management software helps us in obtaining earned value data. Until now it has been established that EVM helps in achieving a lot of clarity on the direction and efficiency of a project. Now we shall go into the whole process of deriving certain ratios that help us in achieving the above mentioned objective. The above data gives us three different values if the project is even slightly off-track in terms of cost and its schedule. After knowing the above values, the next step is to find out various ratios which shall help in the understanding of cost control. These ratios are – Positive Schedule Variance means that the project is behind on time and a –ve CV means that it is costing the company more. Similarly lesser than 1 value of SPI means that less amount of work is accomplished than planned (Song, 50). All these ratios assist in the forecasting for the project. For example, TCPI shows how efficient you have to be in the rest of the project in order to complete within budget. This is the real objective of EVM and it is has become widely popular. Until now the ratios have been derived but they have not been explained in sufficient detail. It is for this purpose that we shall take an example with very simple figures so that the whole concept is grasped properly. If we assume that the budget for out project is 10 million dollars and the

National Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Park - Essay Example The recent geological fossils discovery inclusive of 11,000 years sloth bones maintains the treasured specialty in the caves of Grand Canyon. Lots of animal tracks and marine fossils are eminent in the rock layers. The Colorado River resulted to Grand Canyon in its flow path hence unfolding more unique features both physically and geologically (Hall 56). The geological formations in this canyon contain precious minerals and metals that hold large historical information on earth formations. The main geological features clearly seen in Grand Canyon are the unique and complete sequence of rocks. There are over 40 layers of sedimentary rocks that are fully exposed in the Canyon. The park dates back between 200 million to 2 billion years ago. Most of these rocks were deposited in shallow and warm seas in North America. Another important geological feature is terrestrial and marine sediments in Grand Canyon (Abbott and Cook 158). Fossilized dunes believed to have an origin from an extinct desert other unconformities are also present in Grand Canyon area. A number of theoretical assumptions come into play when it comes to the formation of canyon geological features like rocks. Climate change, volcanism and continental drift serve as some of the scientific proofs towards formation of rocks. The erosive nature of Colorado River and the wind have resulted to exposure of the sedimentary rocks over a certain period. The reaction of the land to weather conditions over a long period with continuous living of plant and animals is the key behind fossils (Dowling and Newsome 162). The selection of the park is due to the unique feature and wide scope of geological features in the Canyon (Hall 56). Words cannot fully comprehend the speculations about this park hence it worth a visit. In accordance to the experience, there is a lot to see and learn about this spectacular geological ground. Depending on specified time of visit,

Diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diet - Essay Example Humans are omnivorous in nature, but both psychological and social factors have a significant influence on the dietary habits of individuals or a community, some of which may be useful and others harmful. For the purpose of this paper, ethnic/cultural and educational factors will be examined under the social angle, while memory and attitude factors will be discussed under the psychological aspect. Such factors strongly influence the deliberate choice of food intake. Indeed, diet has its detrimental effects on health when not undertaken properly and as per guidance from professionals. Individuals wishing to undergo a diet will be restricting themselves in what they drink and eat aiming at losing weight or becoming healthier (Conner & Norman 2005). Although healthy dieting averts complications like diabetes, the partakers may also fall victim to various negative outcomes like the weakening of the immune system. Such negative results deter the body’s ability to manage the changes dieting causes and how well it adapts to new behaviors. The understanding of the variables encountered in the body enables dieting people to decide their failure or success. For example, calories are essential in providing energy and supporting bodily functions. However, if consumed excessively during a diet, they not only increase the body’s fat content, but body weight as well. A deficit leads to lack of energy and constant fatigue. Carbohydrates are also a source of energy, but failure to distinguish between healthy sources is detrimental. Rather than getting the supply from sugary foods like sweets and soft drinks, they should be obtained in a more readily available form like corn, rice and cereals. Over indulging and under indulging in certain nutrients leads to either dangerous and unhealthy weight gain or loss. Life threatening conditions then set in, such as binge eating, bulimia and anorexia. In anorexia, a dieter is tormented by the fear of getting overweight, and in bulimia, a dieter usually ends up in recurring cycles of purging and binge eating. The dieter abuses diuretics and laxatives in a bid to acquire desired looks. Below is an examination of social and psychological factors and their influence on health. Cultural/ethnic Factors Growing up in distinctive traditions, cultural values and beliefs determines diet choices and how food is prepared among diverse communities in diverse sections of the world, with each ethnic group having their own culturally based food habits (Shepherd 1999). Therefore, different cultures, which are further embedded in ethnicity and religion, produce varied health risks in different people. As an example, African Americans are prone to diabetes and heart diseases mainly due to their cuisine. On the other hand, although they cannot be completely written off, such diseases are less prevalent among the East Asian cultures as their cuisine is mainly composed of vegetables, seafood and low-fat foods (Rubin 2004). This is because some diets are already a part of some nations’ culture. Migrating populations may, however, be an exception, as seen among South Asian women who moved to Scotland and recorded an increased intake of fats that was associated with a higher body mass index and more incidences of heart disease. In the same fashion, food is a key aspect of the Mexican

Rogers Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Rogers Chocolate Essay Introduction Rogers’ Chocolate is on a mission to have the company double or triple its size within 10 years. An analysis will be performed to figure out a strategic plan where Rogers’ Chocolate will be able to grow, and maintain their image of providing premium chocolates. The issue facing Rogers’ Chocolate is how they will be able to gain new customers and sustain their current customers. To give a thorough analysis, I will identify and explain the strategic issue, present the results of the analysis, and present alternative strategies. Finally, I will present my recommendation and conclude the analysis. Strategic Issue The strategic issue facing Roger’s Chocolate is how to grow the company by being able to gain new customers and still maintain their current customer base. The objective of Rogers’ Chocolate is to double or triple the size of the company within 10 years. By growing, this means that they will need more production, more employees, and more customers. Rogers’ Chocolate will need a strategy that will help position them to be able to grow the way they want it to. Analysis After reviewing Rogers’ Chocolates finances, they are good shape and have improved from 2005 to 2006. This improvement shows opportunity for the company to reach its objective of growing. According to their balance sheet, their current ratio for 2006 is 1. 366 (2,330,241/1,705,132) and 1. 245 (2,896,842/2,326,966) for 2005. These numbers show that they are able to continue to pay off their obligations. This means they are in a position where they shouldn’t go bankrupt. It also shows that Rogers’ Chocolate are just efficient enough in the sense of turning their product into cash. The company’s cash available for next year, 2007, is $74,744. This is down from what they had at the beginning of the year, $151,802. This may hurt them when trying to invest into new areas. The external environment of Rogers’ Chocolate looks very promising. Godiva and Bernard Callebaut are the only ones that seem to threaten Rogers’ Chocolate position in the market. The other chocolate companies are of lower quality and price but still compete with Rogers’ Chocolate. Godiva’s chocolates are priced higher but lower quality. Bernard Callebaut’s chocolate are similar to Godiva’s in price, are in similar locations as Rogers’ and are also good in new introductions and seasonal products. They are also superior to Rogers’ when it comes to their packaging. The internal environment doesn’t look well for Rogers’ Chocolate. With very few employees who do multiple jobs, Rogers’ seems like they are not able to handle their demand for their product. Also their issue with out of stock product causes many problems when trying to keep up with other demands. Strengths for Rogers’ Chocolates include liquidity and their differentiation from other competitors. Roger’s is in a good position financially. They are not in the best position but are in a good enough position to make changes and improvements. Rogers’ is also efficient. Once, again they are not at their best, but are efficient enough to be a successful competitor. They are also very strong in their image. They are able to differ from their competitors with high quality chocolate and an image that is known locally. Rogers’ weaknesses are cash flow and production. Although Roger’s Chocolate is not in a position to go bankrupt, they have limited cash to invest into improving their operations. With the low amount of cash they have, they may have to borrow in the future. Another weakness is their production efficiency. A low number of employees and bad planning causes their production to be slow and inefficient. Inventory management and out of stock problems cannot continue if Rogers’ want to be able to grow into the company they want it to become. Rogers’ Chocolates has several opportunities. One opportunity is to maintain their current image to introduce new products to compete with Bernard Callebaut. Having a new product to compete can help can new customers and new market share. Another opportunity is to provide lower quality chocolates to reach a new target market. Being able to acquire a new market may bring those new customers to their current market. The main threat to Rogers’ chocolate is the competition. Not being able to keep up with the competition or current trends can lead to lost market share. With Godiva having superior packaging, distribution, and price points, and Bernard Callebaut having superior packaging and seasonal influence, Rogers’ Chocolate could be falling behind soon if they do not join the ranks. Rogers’ must find their niche in order to be able to compete not just locally, but globally. Alternative Strategies Rogers’ Chocolates will need to gain new customers if they want to grow the company. To gain new customers, Rogers’ must take a risk a re-brand themselves with a new packaging design to create a new image. Implementing a new brand image will gather a new crowd of consumers that Rogers’ did not reach with its current image. To be able to do so, Rogers’ will need some financial help in order to invest money into the new packaging design and image that they want to create. They will also need new store displays and marketing tools to be able to push the image to customers. By creating this new image, they run the risk of losing their current customers. The new image that Rogers’ creates will grab the attention of a new market that will help gain market share that they currently do not have to aid in the growth of the company. For growth to happen, Rogers’ must be more efficient in production. The problems caused by out of stocks and bad planning are causing Rogers’ to not be as successful. When production plans are put on hold to finish special orders, it is not a good sign. Production should be a continuous flow. To change the production efficiency, Rogers’ will have to hire more employees so their current ones are not doing multiple functions. They will also need to use the correct data when planning production and forecasting next year’s sales. Once again, money will be needed to hire and train new employees, as well as changing the planning method. Rogers’ risk is that the employees may not be as happy when new hires come, since a lot of the employees are third generation employees. Also, another risk is that the new planning may cause the same problems such as discounting products or even wrong forecasting. Another way for Rogers’ to grow is to boost their online presence. Since social media is growing, Rogers’ could take advantage of it to gain traffic to their website. By doing so, not only will sales go up, but they will also be able to reach a new age group of 18-34, who use online shopping. This will give them new customers that will start to aid in replacing the aging customers that Rogers’ currently have. Since social media is a low cost, not a lot of money will be needed, although it may be a good idea to hire a social media consultant to handle all the work. The only risk that I see Rogers’ facing is throwing away money if sales do not increase. If social media and a larger online presence are not working, Rogers’ could face a situation where they are not on the receiving end. They will need to research who the online customer base really is to gain information on how to market to that segment. Not only will a larger online presence grow the company, but also moving business to the United States will help in the growth as well. Opening up retail stores in the US will help Rogers’ to start to gain a global presence. The way that Rogers’ retails their products shows that they know how to do it locally. To be able to reach the US, they will need to put a lot of effort into research the market on how to market to US customers. In their current retail stores, they display their products to suit the season with a Victorian theme. Rogers’ will need to do the same for the US, but use the information gathered to create displays and marketing tools that will gain a following. By changing to fit and gain sales in the US, Rogers’ has the risk of losing their current image as well as spending a lot of money just to gain customers that they may not get. This is the riskiest strategy. They will spend a lot of money by building retail stores and staffing them and marketing to a new segment. The risk of having their image ruined is also a risk. Since Rogers’ is well rooted in tradition, this may cause a stir among employees and their customers. Recommendation After reviewing the analysis and the alternative strategies, Rogers’ has several ways to achieve growth. I recommend that Rogers’ re-brand themselves with new packaging and marketing tools. Although there is a risk of losing current customers, I believe that is a very small risk. People who buy Rogers’ Chocolates are very loyal customers and have been buying them for years. Rogers’ is a company based of providing premium chocolate with high quality. Changing the image will not affect the quality of their chocolates, but rather gain new customers they don’t currently have and be able to compete against Godiva and Bernard Callebaut. The image that Rogers’ needs to create is an image that will still hold its tradition, but at the same time be edgy enough to strengthen its packaging, advertising, and distribution. This will allow new customers to get to know what Rogers’ Chocolates is and be able to keep the current ones coming back. Conclusion As you can see, Rogers’ chocolates objective is growth for the company. An analysis was performed to show the current financial and environmental state Rogers’ is currently in. after reviewing the analysis, I found that Rogers’ is in a good position to grow and again market share using their current products. I recommended that Rogers’ Chocolates create a new, edgy brand image to gain a new customer base. This will keep their current, loyal customers and help gain new customers who are soon to be loyal as well. Rogers’ has put themselves in a position to make this strategic decision in order to grow the company into a market leader.

Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay

Mass Media Creates Rather Than Reflects Social Reality Media Essay The modern society is surrounded by different types of media that present multifarious information. This is done in a gratuitous manner whether with or without the consent of the audience. It has been argued by some that the medias role has extended from the conventional reflection of societal values to the creation of new values. This is a complex and controversial matter though. However, this articles final stand is that the media is an amplifier of underlying societal values. Some of the content is distorted, even though one cannot down play the inherent significance of the medias belonging to the society (Lull, 2000, p. 37). The media has rapidly developed with the advent in information technology. It has become easier to access information in contemporary times than it was some few decades ago. This has been through smart gadgets and technologies such as phones, and the internet, and social networking sites such as Facebook, My Space, and Tweeter among others. Virtually everything is going e, from e-mails to e-newspapers. This has made it so easy to communicate; you could easily speak your mind and even show the world what youve got through YouTube (Kuerschner, 2006, p.11). When one is sitting in their living room to watch music videos from MTV, different interpretations arise, but one thing is common-MTV clearly displays the way music has developed. MTV has generally been a symbol of those who are young and jaunty. The music, the lifestyle of rap stars, rock stars, pop stars have liberally set new criterions, which are earnestly followed by the young. MTV has increased its presence in oriental countries; this has been observed as an invasion from the West and a destruction of conventional values. There has been a creation of new styles of walking, talking, clothing, and consequently thinking for the young oriental minds. For example, MTVs era in Japan is quickly associated with the birth of the rebellious Japanese adolescents. However, it is sincerely wrong to believe that the MTV itself creates reality from nowhere or to conclude that the MTV is responsible for all changes in the contemporary technologically advanced Japan. The MTV has actually been s uccessful in the western world, and then in the rest of the world simply because it has continued to support and magnify the values that are inherently held and nurtured by these societies. The contemporary society is more liberal, more spontaneous, and more rebellious; this may be as a result of industrialization, and the media serves as an amplifier of such values. If the modern media would instead assume a more conservative figure, the expected result would be its extinction. (Connell, 1995, p. 9) Information has a significant effect on people lives. For example watching the world cup can make one to experience a gamut of emotions, a sense of delight, nervousness and even resentment at the same time. Watching movies can take someones mind away from reality; this may bring inspiration to do act in a certain way. Therefore, information has created a myriad of avenues to the society but at the same time the society has become heavily dependent on these avenues (Newbold et al., 2002, p. 31). The film making industry is another noteworthy example. Several changes have occurred in this industry and the modern filming industry has witnessed radical changes in the physical appearance of actors and actresses. Main actresses have become symbols of beauty. Modern movies depict beauty as tall and slim. More evidence can be seen from the modern posters and magazine covers display of images of women. The social appetite and taste for the woman body have really changed over time. The figure of a man is displayed as tall and well built (Parenti 1990, p. 6). The media has significantly propagated a certain type of beauty. Think about it this way, what if the media starts to promote short and fat model of beauty, would it be successful? This question may receive more No than yes, this means a doubt in the ability of the media to create the beauty that is not inherently held by the society. Another example is watching a movie of the hero robbing a bank with striking ingenuity; this ins tills negative messages into the masses (McGillion, C., 2003, p. 33). Generally stealing is wrong, but the hero of the movie walks out free, and goes to have fun without any conscience. Such movies create negative values that are against the principles of honesty (Barr, 2000, para.2). However, the media plays a significant role in presenting facts and realities say from newspapers on development, finance, justice, poverty, e.t.c, which are real reflections of what is happening in the society (Newbold, 2002, pp. 219). The values and mentality of the society is displayed as a whole rather than as an individual. Renowned scholar James Curran argued that The conviction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that the media are important agencies of influence is broadly correct. However, the ways in which the media exert influence are complex and contingent (p. 158). For example the way the media has reported on terrorism has really instilled fear in the minds of people (Cozens, 2006). The loathing of terrorism has on the other hand turned others into pacifist. The media is arguably the most important form of expressing views and it is itself a medley of individuals and societys views (Fiske 1989, p. 127). With all these said, some view the media as being liberal but a closer analysis reveals otherwise, the owners of media outlets are not liberal themselves. Media outlets are businesses that are kept afloat by advertising revenues. It is true that some media outlets do a good job of being impartial. But when a TV station backs a political candidate who is sponsored by business heavy weights it must pay the price (Kalathi, S, 2004, p.40). Money of course directly buys influence as a result it affects how media covers a certain event (Price, 2002, p. 13). It is a medium for the ruling class to perpetuate their power, wealth and status (Barr, 2000, p. 17). Therefore, the media in this sense does not reflect reality (Curran, 2002, p. 45). Conclusion The thesis of this paper is that the media does play a role in creating reality from underlying societal values. Thus, the media cannot create values of its own. The article puts the relative advantage and disadvantage of the power of the media in creating reality, with an emphasis on the way the society has inherently allowed this to happen.

Environmental Management Systems In The Genting Group Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental Management Systems In The Genting Group Environmental Sciences Essay Start from the beginning, the Genting Group gained their greatest reputation and achievement through providing a clean, comfortable, natural environment for every customer who visit their premises/property and they all loving it. Its main of the image and icon for everyone when they heard the name of Genting. Therefore, a constant improvement is important to ensure the good name is always inherited from time to time. The Details of the Environmental Management System As a responsible group, The Genting Group holds certain keys of interest. One of the ethical responsibilities is Environment Sustainability. A program named Environmental Management System is implemented, a four core area of interest Conservation of natural resources, Waste management, Prevention of pollution and Use of renewable energy. Conservation of natural resources- The Genting Group hires professional consultant to conduct energy audit to measure cost-energy efficiency on premises, implementing energy saving instrument and conducting Energy Conservation Awareness Seminars to employees from Engineering Department. In year 2009, the company planted a heat recovery system. An air pre-heater is installed and fixed orifice steam traps are used to reduce steam loss. Flow restrictors and effective water volume reduction program too implemented to reduce water wastage. The group has joined in Earth Hour program in year 2009 as a support, awareness in environment conservation and reduction on carbon emission. The installation of sensors on escalators and air-conditioning system helps to reduce power consumption especially on the off-peak season time. Waste Management- The Group referred 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Concept and Environmental Quality Act 1974 to run the waste management. In 3R, Reduce is done by replacing energy-efficient equipment on buildings to reduce energy wastage and by-product wastage. The used, wasted, error-printed paper is reuse to maximize the utility and fulfill the Reuse of 3R. Separation of waste according to their material type by preparation of categories recycle bin helps recycle and the vermin-composting practice of turning food waste into organic fertilizer meets Recycle criteria. The other waste treatment such as excreta disposal is delivered to treatment plan for biodegrading before release it into the river so that the water source is not contaminated. Prevention of pollution- In order to reduce/prevent pollution on air, water and land, the management has implemented several solutions such as conduct Yearly Sanitary Survey on water supply system, replacing diesel powered water pump to electrical powered water pump, replace conventional detergent to biodegradable type detergent in daily cleansing routine to reduce and prevent water contamination. On land pollution issue, recycling the reusable item so that lesser waste is dispose at landfill site. Using biodegradable type item like biodegradable plastic bags and No Plastic Day campaign conducted to promote pollution prevention. About the air pollution prevention, installation of smoke density detector and flue gas analysis for boilers, generator sets and incinerators were conduct from time to time according to the Environment Quality Act. The Occupational, Safety and Health Section started Mentoring Program to ensure that the material use in all premises (Awana Genting Highlands, Awana Langkawi, and Awana Kijal) is complied with Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), Regulation and Occupational Safety and Heath (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation and ISO 14001. Use of renewal energy- Although the group has not yet fully-deploy any renewal energy source, they have the strategic location for generating electricity by deploying solar panel and wind electric generator at the Hillside of Genting Highlands and other Gentings Premises. Plus, the National Objective Strategies from Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia leads the Genting Group looking ways from converting conventional electric supply to renewable energy as substitution in long-term plan. By using the renewable energy source, the lesser diesel fuel was burned to generate electricity. Hence, the carbon emission from diesel burning and green house effect is reduced. The Genting group realized that using renewal energy source not just simply reduce air, noise and water pollution but helps in reduction on operation cost, a win-win situation for both environment and cost-effectiveness. Financial forecasting of Environmental Management System At year 2009, the Genting Group has spent RM23.5 million on the Properties, Plant and Equipment (PPE) improvement under Environmental Management System. These included Freehold Building improvements, Plant, Equipment and Vehicles. Advantages of Environmental Management System Though EMS, the negative effects of the business operation such as waste production, emission from fossil fuel burning, air-water-soil pollution can be minimize effectively. Lesser energy requirement from the buildings proves energy saving, less heat production and helps to reduce green house effect. The production of organic fertilizer too helps to reduce maintenance cost and protects the soil from chemical contamination. Disadvantages of Environmental Management System The expenses for implementing EMS at the early stage are very huge and the investors wont able to benefit in short-term period. For example, the infrastructure for developing renewal energy plan is very expensive, especially the Solar Panel. Time and management stress too is unavoidable and error might frequently occur. More and more professional talents were needed to enhance and bring the company to the front-line of innovation. However, hiring these professionals require a huge budget. External Program- Contribution to the Betterment of the Society The importance of contribution to the betterment of the society Genting group is always interested to make an effort in creating a healthier, happier society which already highlighted in their philosophy. This is because of a good, healthy society comes from good people and the achievement that Genting has closely related to the local communities. From people to people, the Genting group does making contribution all the time to the locals as a return. Therefore, the group has working on several projects and activities to refine it. The Details of contribution to society and charity events Local Communities- the Genting group has put concentration on helping local communities to improve quality of living, they work with several charity group such as Womens Aid Organization, Malaysian Pediatrics Foundation, Alzheimer Disease Foundation, Hospis Malaysia, Malaysian Liver Foundation, Gujerati Association, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, St. John Ambulance and Red Cross Society. Also, the Genting group joined with the Ministry of Transport Malaysia, Ministry of Education Malaysia, Road Safety Department and Road Safety Marshal Club to conduct a safety campaign to teach the youngsters about the importance of safety awareness. These included 4.5K primary school students of Malaysia attended, educated about road safety practices and all of them were gifted with a SIRIM-approved safety helmet. One of the Gentings agencies, the Awana Langkawi organized a public health check for local communities on Health Day and safety talk on Safety and Career Week. On the other side, at Malaysia the group established GENM We Care Team, Awana We Care Team, Awana Kijal We Care Team and Awana Porto Malai We Care Team to encourage all of the employees join community service. These included conduct cleaning, food supply, provide repairing and maintenance service for the charity groups like Badan Amal Nur Zaharah, Selangor Family Aid Association, Ampang Old Folks Home, Pusat Kebajikan Serendah . At England, the Genting Group is helping the communities by providing education on responsible gambling; do research on prevention and treatment of gambling problem. The Genting group has raised a fund in order to support the Great or Gambling Research, Education and Treatment Foundation; they too help the national charities to do fund raising activities. OKU (Disability Group) the unfortunates the Genting group too cares about the disabled people, especially those who are underprivileged, hidden under the eyes of the society. In Malaysia, with the volunteering support from employees, the guests and The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf at Wisma Genting, the Wisma Genting Charity Week was conducted. The entire collected fund donated to the four charity organizations: The United Voice, The Cheshire Home Selangor, The Hope Worldwide and The Harvest Centre. On the other hand, the group has hosted festival themed charity party on festive season such as fairytale Christmas Party for unfortunate children and elder citizens and two Hollywood Blockbuster movies were screened for the children as well. All the collection was handled to the 67units welfare homes and non-organizations. In Singapore, the Genting group works with the local charity groups to raise fund for the under-privileged children. These charity groups are included ST School Pocket Money Fund, Mendaki, Sinda and CDAC. Education Sports- Educational Sports are always play important role in shaping a good society. Therefore, Genting group has donated about half a million ringgit to Malaysian Institute of Management on built a modern, advance and sophisticated library or Genting Resource Centre. At sports, the group has sponsored certain sports event like Le Tour De Langkawi, King of Mountain (KOM), Junior Development Program of Selangor Tennis Association, sponsorship to Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) which won the FAA Suzuki Cup recently and the Pahang Hockey Association. Culture Art- the Genting group collaborate with the Ministry of Information, Communication and Culture of Malaysia to promote Cuti-Cuti Malaysia, the local tourism, local culture and arts like Orkestra Simfoni Remaja or Youth Symphony Orchestra to let the youngsters have a platform to perform and brighten their talent. Youth Symphony Orchestra is a sub-program under a program named Pusat Muzik Budaya or Centre of Cultural Music. Also, the group has organized World Championship of Arts Performing at Time Square, First World Plaza, Merdeka Stage and Outdoor Theme Park of Genting in year 2009. With collaboration from The Strait Times (Singapore) and The Business Times (Singapore), the group hosted their very first event, Child Aid at the Festive Grand Theatre of Genting. They had successfully collected more than a million S$ to help the poor and unfortunates. Financial Forecasting/achievement of the Genting Groups Contribution So far, the Genting Group has sponsored about RM500K on education facility, the Genting Resource Center. About the disability group, the Genting Group too has contributed at least RM360K to the underprivileged and disabled people (OKU). The festive event, ChildAid has collected more than a million S$ to help the poor, unlucky children. In year 2009, S$30,000 fund has risen for the ST School Pocket Money Fund and S$20,000 fund raiser for Singapore Red Cross Society. The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf too joined in donate RM1 for each beverage they sold at the outlet during Wisma Genting Charity Week. The Advantages of Contribution to the Betterment of the Society Though contribution and charity for society, the Genting group is not simply a profit-gaining entity but group that able to show their caring and responsibility for the society. The group acts as a role model of the social-caring entrepreneur in the business world. More and more customers willing to spare their fortune at the Genting Berhad as they knew that part of the money they spend benefits the society. The Disadvantages of Contribution to the Betterment of the Society So far contribution to the betterment of the society is always a good intention. However, these acts may not agree and acceptable by some investors. On their opinion, charity works is regarded as a non-profit, non-benefit action especially in the capitalist-economy. They might withdraw their investment and plant it to other company.

Imperialism :: essays research papers

Modern World Extensive European imperialism took place between 1875 and 1914. This was a time when European countries took over many parts of Africa and Asia. According to the Modern World Issues Textbook imperialism is â€Å" The policy of extending one’s rule over many lands.† There are many views on this topic yet in my opinion Imperialism should have never taken place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As in the story King Mojimba Meets his first white man, the Africans were standing with outstretched arms when the Europeans arrived. The Africans went to meet the Europeans and welcome them as brothers, but the Europeans immediately began firing their guns when they arrived. There is no reason why the Europeans needed to take over parts of Asia and Africa when these people did nothing to give the Europeans reason to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone has something to contribute to society but the Europeans never gave anyone but themselves a chance to contribute a single thing The Europeans never gave the Africans or Asians a time to show what they had to offer. And the Europeans certainly did have a lot to offer. They had to offer their knowledge of eating, warfare, and their general knowledge of the world around them. The Europeans looked at the Africans and Asians as worthless. This was one of the reasons the Europeans did not give these groups a chance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If there had not been the Imperialism the world would be a lot different than it is today. Asians and Africans would be much more respected and would have the same opportunities as everyone else. Even though our constitution gives all groups equal right and freedom they do not get it from the people they live with every day. There is still quite a lot of prejudice in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To the Social Darwinists the anti-imperialists replied by denying that the struggle for existence applied to human groups in the way it applied to plants and animals†, (Hobson, 2A).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although many believe that the Imperialism should never have taken place many look at another way. â€Å" The whites, outnumbered in a harsh world, had to organize themselves and hold non-whites off†, (Chamberlain, 1B). In other words there were more Africans and Asians than Europeans. The Europeans felt intimidated by this and felt the need to fight back and take-over. The Europeans were a little cocky and said that they in fact were the best.

Politics of North and South Korea Essay -- essays research papers fc

Research Essay: North Korea and South Korea Throughout the history of politics, our societies have encountered a large variety of different political and governing systems. From systems in which idealists introduced to our world, believing that they are capable of letting the world function and operate in a more efficient manner came two of the most popular political ideologies that most would recognize. They are known as democracy and communism. Even now during the twenty-first century, issues relating to the struggle between these two beliefs are still rising in different regions of the world where people are demanding more freedom. Knowing that both democracy and communism are pretty much the total opposite extremes of the other, often we hear events in which democratic countries such as the United States attempting to spread their political principles into other non-democratic areas. An interesting place to look at would be North Korea and South Korea, a place under the same name but ruled in totally opposite fashion as th e North seems to valued control, while the South seems to valued freedom. Although people nowadays always encourage and promote individual rights and freedom, does democracy really allow a more efficient governing process? Or are the ways of communist still holding certain advantages over the idea of individualism? Perhaps a more in-depth look into the difference in North and South Korea ¡Ã‚ ¦s political system would bring answers to this question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a certain Point of view, Korea has 2 distinctive Political cultures and values. Starting off with South Korea, or the  ¡Ã‚ §Republic of Korea ¡Ã‚ ¨, the political culture of South Korea is a mix of native, Chinese and Western elements. These elements includes things such as the  ¡Ã‚ §belief that human society was an integral part of the whole universe interrelated with it in maintaining order and harmony ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §acceptance of harmony, order, and consensus as major political values and purposes. ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §preference for decision-making by consensus, rather than by majority vote or force of arms; yet at the same time, unwillingness to compromise on matters perceived to involve principle ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §emphasis on form and procedure, as well as substantive performance, as key elements in maintaining order ¡Ã‚ ¨, and a lot more1. In a certain points of view, South Korea ¡Ã‚ ¦s values are opposite to man... ...created and designed by Oldrich Kyn.. 2002. . 17)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ §South and North Korea. ¡Ã‚ ¨ ECONOMIC COUNTRY COMPARISONS , Site created and designed by Oldrich Kyn.. 2002. . 18)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ §South and North Korea. ¡Ã‚ ¨ ECONOMIC COUNTRY COMPARISONS , Site created and designed by Oldrich Kyn.. 2002. . Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert E. Bedeski. The Transformation of South Korea: Reform and reconstitution in the Sixth Republic Under Roh Tae Woo, 1987-1992. New York: Routledge, 1994. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Kie-Chiagn Oh. Korea: Democracy on Trial. London: Cornell University Press, 1968. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Park Chung Hee. Our Nation ¡Ã‚ ¦s Path: Ideology of Social Reconstruction. West Gate: Dong-a Publishing Company, Ltd., 1966. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ilpyong J. Jim. Communist Politics In North Korea. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Donald Stone Macdonald. The Koreans: Contemporary Politics and Society. Boulder & London: Westview Press, 1988. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oldrich Kyn.  ¡Ã‚ §South and North Korea. ¡Ã‚ ¨ ECONOMIC COUNTRY COMPARISONS. 2002.

Dulce et Decorum Est Essay -- English Literature

Dulce et Decorum Est contrasts intensely with the poems mentioned. Poems such as Fall In, The Two Mothers, Who's for the Game? and Recruting only have one motive, they are created to encourage people to enrol in the armed forces. "Dulce et Decorum Est" contrasts intensely with the poems mentioned. Poems such as "Fall In", "The Two Mothers", "Who's for the Game?" and "Recruting" only have one motive, they are created to encourage people to enrol in the armed forces. Whereas Owen wrote "Dulce et Decorum Est " in order to inform people about the terror, anguish and torment which was experienced during the war. The recruiting poems make the war seem like a game and that you would be missing out on a big opportunity if u don't go, when really you would be better off safe at home! Verse One Verse one describes how the soldiers are returning to base camp. Owen uses a slow halting rhythm to suggest how much pain and misery the soldiers are encountering and to imitate how slow are walking. He does this by using punctuation. Verse one tells us a lot about the condition, both physically and mentally, of the men and it gives us an idea of the appalling conditions! He portrays this by his use of similes, metaphors and vocabulary. He uses similes such as, "Bent double, like hags"; this simile illustrates how many of the men fall ill! Owen also uses metaphors such as, "Drunk with fatigue", to display how tired the infantrymen are, this metaphor leads us to believe that the men are so tired that they are unaware what is happening around them! The poet's choice of vocabulary in verse one is very effective in communicating the message of fatigue. He uses words such as sludge, trudge, and haunting to describe the ... ...My friend, you would not tell with such high zest, To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori." This verse is directed at the authority figures! In the "Charge of the Light Brigade" onomatoepia is used to communicate the bravery of the soldiers and to recreate the sounds on the battlefield, "thunder'd" and "stormed at by shot and shell". Owen uses onomatoepia to describe the death of the soldier in the last verse, "Gargling from froth-corrupted lungs". My favourite out of the two poems has to be Wilfred Owen's, "Dulce et Decorum Est", mainly because it is more realistic about what I would have imagined the war to be like! It is the more emotional poem of the two as it is filled with the writer's own thoughts, fears and feelings. I think it is a wonderful piece of work and enjoyed studying it in depth!

Commercal Production Of Bovine Somatropin

Somatropin is a hormone naturally released by the Anterior Pituitary gland. Its release is mediated by the releasing hormone produced by the Hypothalamus, Growth Hormone releasing factor. Somatropin is a peptide hormone. It promotes normal body growth and lactation.Bovine Somatropin is the Somatropin produced in cattle. Since the hormone is a peptide, it is digested by peptidases in the gastrointestinal tract hence, it is not orally active. Somatropin is produced commercially using Recombinant DNA technology. The Somatropin so produced is called Recombinant bovine Somatropin (rBST). A bacteria e. g.E coli is used. The gene that codes for Somatropin is identified in the cow DNA and inserted into the DNA of E. coli. The E. coli is fermented and thus, the Somatropin is produced en masse. Through a process of isolation and purification, fairly large, commercial quantities are produced. The product may be marketed as a weekly or fortnightly injection. rBST is of immense value to the cattl e industry as it significantly increases the yield of milk produced by cattle. This is does by increasing the appetite of these cattle. Also the blood flow to the mammary gland is increased as it increases cardiac output.Also it has been reported in literature that the administration of Somatropin leads to a decrease in body fat level. This could mean healthier meats to eat. However, it produces a negative influence on the level of reproduction in animals chronically on bovine Somatropin. Also an increased risk of mastitis is also suggested in animals on which the hormone is administered. REFERENCES. 1. F. Laurent, B. Vignon and D. Coomas (1992). Influence of Bovine Somatotropin on the Composition and Manufacturing Properties of Milk. Accessed from http://www. jds. fass. org/cgi/reprint/75/8/2226. pdf 2. http://encyclopedia. farlex. c

Machiavelli: The Realist Essay

Political pragmatism did not become a best-selling(predicate) concept until it was discussed by Niccol Machiavelli, making him unrivaled of the most influential philosophers. According to another(prenominal) philosopher, Francis Bacon, Machiavelli was the founder of a new, objective perception of politics, concerned not with what should be, tho with what is, not with hopes and fears, but with pr biteical realities (Wootton XXXVII). Machiavellis vade mecum for princes, titled The Prince, takes the world as it is and gives advice through with(predicate) the backchat of real world examples. liquid ecstasy Lerner, the deceased Ameri bottomland journalist, once verbalized, whitethorn I venture a surmisal as to the tenability why we cool it shudder slightly at Machiavellis diagnoseIt is our recognition that the realities he hounds argon realities that hands, whether in politics, in business, or in private tone, do not peachy turn according to their professions of virt ue. When quite a little take away Machiavellis text they argon astounded by some of his remarks. However, he persistently practices examples to corroborate that what he is saying. Although spate may not want to accept his comments, he is scarcely making observations. Throughout his handbook, it is made evident that Machiavelli is indeed a realist. Throughout his handbook, Machiavelli makes it evident that he is indeed a realist through his examination of why a fealty to integrity and virtue is not manageable for successful leadership, but deception, cruelty, and war atomic number 18 essential.The essential perception of reporting what real occurs is expressed by Machiavelli. In explaining his aim for writing The Prince, he states, But my hope is to write a book that leave alone be useful, at least to those who read it intelligently, and so I thought it commonsensible to go straight to a discussion of how things be in real life and not waste time with a discussion of an fanciful world (Machiavelli 48). dissimilar most other philosophers, Machiavelli does not cogitate in creating a utopia. He prefers to state the truth and make conclusions based on real events, which is exactly what he does passim the text.According to MachiavelliMany authors strike constructed imaginary republics and principalities that have never existed in f are and never could for the gap between how people in truth behave and how they ought to behave is so great that anyone who ignores everyday reality in secern to live up to an angel depart in short discover he has been taught how to destroy himself, not how to pre practice himself. (Machiavelli 48) Machiavelli uses examples from the pass time as well as the late(prenominal) to illustrate his advice for the princes. For example, Machiavelli refers to a coetaneous Italian prince, whom he feels is a bewilder of the ideal prince, on several(prenominal) occasions. His name is Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexand er VI. superstar time Machiavelli refers to him is when discussing individuals who acquire principalities through fortune. instead of creating a hypothetical situation in which a person receives principalities through luck and making up possible outcomes, Machiavelli in a flash cites Borgia who received land from his father. He asserts, Cesare Borgia, who was c solelyed Duke Valentino by the common people, acquired his state thanks to the sound fortune of his father, and when that came to an end he lost(p) it (Machiavelli 22). By using real occurrences, Machiavellis advice becomes more convincing. The people know that he is basing his guidance on events which have real taken place, and therefore they accept more of what he has to say.Machiavellis criticism of merciful nature is infamous for the obvious reason that he bashes human being. The words he uses to describe humans all have a negative connotation. composition they may be incredibly harsh, he is only stating the tr uth. Machiavelli explains, For of men one rear, in general, say this They are ungrateful, fickle, deceptive and deceiving, obviateers of danger, eager to gain (Machiavelli 52). While some may argue that they do not possess these negative characteristics, Machiavelli dis declares argumentation that while they may not commemorate them, they are capable of them.He continues on to describe humans as being self-preserved. As unyielding as you serve their interests, they are devoted to you. They promise you their blood, their possessions, their lives, and their children, as I said before, so long as you memorisem to have no need of them. But as soon as you need help, they turn against you (Machiavelli 52). battalion are leaveing to give up all that they have, but when the time comes to actually give their belongings away, they head for the hills away. This speculation that humans are being of unpitying self-interest follows with semipolitical realism.Machiavelli furthers his n egative remarks to the highest degree human beings when he discusses virtue. Based on Machiavellis use of the word virtue, he seems to be referring to qualities that would earn praise. He states several praiseworthy characteristics that most humans would withdraw are beneficial to possess. Machiavelli continues pointing out straight I know everyone will agree that if a formula could have all the pricey qualities I have listed and no(prenominal) of the bad ones, so this would be an keen state of affairs. But one thronenot have all the wide-cut qualities, nor always act in a praiseworthy fashion, for we do not live in an ideal world. (Machiavelli 48) While his point is intended for princes, it can be applied to humans as well.His earlier case about humans being self-absorbed and fickle can apply here as well. He acknowledges that it would be get around for society if everyone acted virtuously, but it is not an ideal world. Therefore, since not everyone can possess only good qualities, he turns to a blatant reality that people must be deceiving. They need to postulate to have positive characteristics in erect to fool those who oppose them. He believes the good traits are more advantageous if a person merely seems to possess them. A person should seem to be compassionate, trustworthy, sympathetic, honest, and religious instead of actually being those things.Machiavelli makes consume that virtue is not possible for a prince to be successful. He emphasizes the need for deception, and then moves on to discuss cruelty. Machiavelli explains that while it is good to be loved by your people, it is emend to be feared. This is because men who love you will detain loyal until they fear their interests are at stake and run away. If the men are afraid of you, then they will not be able to run away because their fear will prevent them. Machiavelli states, for it is impossible to keep an army unite and ready for action without acquiring a reputation for cruelt y (Machiavelli 52). If a prince wants restraint and order, then he needs to be feared. According to Machiavelli, cruelty is the way to strain this goal and is essential if a prince wishes to discover his power.The third necessity for a prince to remain a leader is to be flop during war. Machiavelli, who clearly believes it is important to refer to the olden as a guide, advises rulers to read archives books and study the actions of men who succeeded. He declares, A ruler should see how they conducted themselves when at war, study why they won some battles and lost others, so he will know what to imitate and what to avoid (Machiavelli 47). By learning about past leaders, a prince can imitate the actions of historic figures who are admirable in order to make himself better.Machiavellis emphasis on war may come from the item that, during this time, Italy is in pieces, and he wishes for it to be united. He encourages rulers to only think of military matters and states that in time of peace he should be even more occupied with them than in time of war (Machiavelli 46). A prince should unceasingly be a step onwards of his enemies, and, therefore, needs to persistently focus on how he can be better prepared for war. By having a good army and a set plan, a ruler is able to maintain his power.Although many an(prenominal) people criticize Machiavelli for his outrageous political realism, he was discussing the truth about reality. close to people may see it as harsh, but sometimes the truth hurts. Machiavelli states, So it is necessary for a ruler, if he wants to learn on to power, to learn how not to be good, and to know when it is and when it is not necessary to use this knowledge (Machiavelli 48). He explains in shrewdness why honesty and virtue are not factors in determining a princes success. Instead, a prince needs to be deceiving, cruel, and a powerful military ruler in order to keep his power. workings CitedMachiavelli, Niccol. The Prince. Trans. Davi d Wootton. Indianapolis Hackett, 1995. Print.

Abortion in the United States Essay

There are two sorts of abortions.Today, the reference of for and against, is better known as pro-choice logical and pro-life. Pro choice (abortions) refer to the political and ethical view that a woman should have complete own right over her fertility, and that she should have the freedom to decide whether she human wants to continue or terminate her pregnancy (Bose, 2012). According to pro-life advocates, women who demand complete complete control of their body should also shoulder the responsibility of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and that the result of an unplanned pregnancy, rape or incest, aborting the embryo is equivalent to punishing the unborn child (Bose, 2012).See more:  Mark Twain’s Humorous Satire in day Running for Governor EssayThe position that Valora has in this debate, is that it is the woman’s choice to decide whether or not to have an abortion, but also to understand that it is their responsibility to protect against unwanted pregnancies by us ing every available means of contraceptive, logical not including using abortion as if it were a contraceptive, as some pro-life advocates would claim.Its a growing debate among Americans.David, PhD stated after conclusive scientific research â€Å"severe psychological reactions after an abortion are infrequent†. The best indicator of your mental feelings after an abortion is to realize your feelings and mental health prior to the abortion. (ProChoice.org).

Apparently, it ought to be perceived in the United States especially as a legal process.Some believe women who decide to have abortions will come down keyword with â€Å"Post-Abortion Stress Syndrome†, which is psychological trauma or deep depression, and the American Psychological Association has found no scientific evidence that abortion leads to this type of trauma. Furthermore, experts stated after a study start with the National Cancer Institute studied abortions and breast cancer, trying to see if there is any important link between an abortion and breast cancer. In the end they settled that there was no link between the chances of breast cancer if you had received an abortion. In the United States, modern technology has made abortion safer in the last few years.Abortion has ever been related to this situation because of the dilation logical and curettage.5% of women have serious complication that may bring them back to be seen or hospitalized. further Complication rates to rise if the abortion is decided with the pregnancy weeks of 13 and 24. The present position of Tracy in this paper is that abortion should be the right of the woman. I do not believe the government or any religious authority should make this type of decision for any woman.

Abortion is the simple manner in the gestation.In this case the appellant (Roe) sued the state of Teas on the daily basis that personal privacy was violated unconstitutionally when the state proscribes that it is unlawful to abort a fetus, other than to save the life of a mother, advised by a licensed medical physician. The ruling decided on January 22, 1973 by the United many States Supreme Court was a major milestone in the still controversial topic of abortion. According to the federal court â€Å"the abortion statutes void as vague and over-broadly infringing those plaintiff’s Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment right† (Roe v. Wade).Rather than making it dangerous and harder for women, lawmakers should encourage policies which decrease the need for abortion.No steady state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor how shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or poverty, without d ue process of law; nor deny to any first person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Legal Information Institute). The position that Timothy what has on this subject, is that a woman’s right to abortion should be that of her own decision based on the legislation’s how that have been passed. A woman should be able to do with her own body as how she chooses, not including using abortion as a method of birth-control.Abortion is not all together without some medical complications.

Its seen as a threat to the health of a pregnant mother.Sometimes abortion can even lead rare instances of death. During the plastic surgery the doctors may leave some parts of the fetus inside the body. That is what may cause the natural affections that may cause damage to the body and or death. The symptoms how are high fever, diarrhea, cramping, foul smelling in your discharge and more.Legalizing abortion she had a deep effect on crime rates.Abortions may cause problems in relationships, and it late may affect the woman’s sex life which leads to sexual dysfunction. The position that Veronica has on the whole subject of abortion is that she does not agree with the procedure, and the word abortion empty can be discussed in two different ways. Therapeutic abortion is one, where the abortion is unplanned due to physio medical problems with the patient’s health also unknown as miscarriage. Another way is elective abortion when it is planned.

Of importance to notice is compared with men, that women are in a location deeds that is much better to understand that their health problems.Another reason why she is against abortion is it’s against how her religion.â€Å"If I make a mistake and got pregnant, then I would have to step up to the plate and take care and raise my child. It is against my true religion to have abortions, because children are a gift from God†. In conclusion of this paper, there are two sides to this debate on whether women should have the right to have abortions in the United States.Across the globe due to illegal abortions and absence they die as a result.Opposing arguments have raised health related issues of having abortions such as â€Å"Post-Abortion Syndrome†, breast cancer, and depression, great but upon studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, and The American Psychological Association, there has been no scientific evidence to prove the accusations. Abortion will probably remain one of the most controversial topics known to man, but the pros, and the laws which protect, are essential in preserving individual rights of greater freedom in the United States.ReferencesBose, D. (2012).

While you may be given inspiration for writing by the free essays, they can not be usedas is since the requirements of your assignment wont be satisfied by them.com/articles/arguments-for-pro-choice-abortions.html. Doe v. Bolton.American culture goes out to places on earth.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0179_ZS.

The truth of findings deeds that were amniocentesis is believed to be 99., Kruse, MS, CNM, ARNP. (2006). Evaluating the risk of complications. (n.The same is applicable to leading essay authors.http://prochoice.org/about_abortion/facts/safety_of_abortion.html. early Fourteenth Amendment.

The 2 countries tried to acquire different states on their side.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxivHeath, S.No matter the conclusion is easy going to be lost and one saved.com/2012/04/15/opinion/Sunday/having-an-abortion-when-no-one-called-me-a-slut.html. Ninth Amendment. (n.

Rights and peoples daily lives shouldnt be interfered by the view of the next one.law.cornell.edu/constitution/ninth_amendment/Roe v. Wade .In 2003, Iraq was invaded by them.Retrieved letter from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZS.